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Centrifugal pumps are widely used in various industries for the transportation of fluids. They are known for their simple design, ease of operation, and efficiency. Centrifugal pumps work on the principle of converting the rotational kinetic energy of an impeller into hydrodynamic energy to move the fluid. These pumps are classified into many types based on various factors such as the number of impellers or stages, impeller design, case-split orientation, type of volute, bearing support, shaft orientation, and other miscellaneous features.
The Centrifugal pumpis working based on the centrifugal force and the name follows the same. Fluid enters into the pumps, gets the energy from the centrifugal force of the impeller, and raised its velocity and pressure. Due to this pressure, the liquid is transferred from one place to another. See more
Number of Impellers or Stages
Centrifugal pumps can have a single impeller or multiple impellers arranged in series to form multiple stages. The number of impellers or stages in a centrifugal pump determines its capacity and pressure capabilities. Single-stage pumps are suitable for low-pressure applications, while multi-stage pumps are used for high-pressure applications.
Impeller Design
The design of the impeller plays a crucial role in the performance of a centrifugal pump. Different impeller designs, such as closed, semi-open, and open, are used based on the type of fluid being pumped and the desired flow characteristics. The impeller design also affects the efficiency and cavitation resistance of the pump.
Orientation of Case-Split
The orientation of the case-split in a centrifugal pump can be horizontal or vertical. Horizontal split-case pumps are commonly used for applications where easy maintenance and access to internal components are required. Vertical split-case pumps are suitable for installations with space constraints or where the pump needs to lift the fluid vertically.
Type of Volute
The volute is a crucial part of a centrifugal pump that converts the kinetic energy of the fluid into pressure. Centrifugal pumps can have different types of volutes, such as single volute, double volute, or concentric volute, based on the design requirements and performance characteristics.
Bearing Support
Proper bearing support is essential for the smooth operation and longevity of a centrifugal pump. The type of bearing support used in a pump can vary, including ball bearings, sleeve bearings, or magnetic bearings, depending on the load, speed, and environmental conditions.
Shaft Orientation
The orientation of the shaft in a centrifugal pump can be horizontal or vertical. Horizontal shaft pumps are commonly used in industrial applications, while vertical shaft pumps are suitable for sump and submerged applications. The shaft orientation also influences the pump's footprint and installation requirements.
Miscellaneous Features
The main parts of the Centrifugal Pump are: 1. Impeller 2. Casing 3. Backplate 4. Suction & Discharge Nozzles 5. Suction pipe 6. A foot valve 7. Strainer 8. Suction nozzle or suction
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centrifugal pump short notes|centrifugal pump diagram pdf